How Does a Casino Make Money on Poker?
By Alex Smith, Last updated Nov 12, 2024
It will come as no surprise to learn that online poker sites and online casinos are in the business of making money; that’s their ultimate goal, and while many of these sites may offer attractive – and lucrative – bonuses and promotions designed to temp in new players, the ultimate goal is to generate as much revenue as possible.
All casino games are designed to turn a profit for the casino, and poker is no exception. Poker is unique; unlike other casino table games, you’re not playing directly against the casinos. This raises the question of how online poker sites and casinos can generate cash from their games.
On this page, we will look at how online poker rooms generate revenue – and how they can keep this revenue steady for long periods. As a general rule of thumb, there are three main ways an online poker room can generate revenue – and we’ll be looking at these methods in this article.
How a Poker Room Makes Money: Pot Rake
As a general rule of thumb, online poker rooms make money through what is known as the rake. The casino will charge this rake to generate profit whether you are playing a cash game or a tournament. Naturally, the amount of rake charged – and the method in which the casino charges it – varies greatly depending on the poker room you are playing in and the type of poker game you are playing.
There are a few main types of methods casinos can use the charge rake, and below, we’ll be taking a look at these in detail. Please note these are guidelines only, and you should always check with the casino or poker site you are considering playing at to find out their rules surrounding rake.
Understanding How Poker Rooms Calculate Rake
Cash Games
Whenever you play cash games at poker websites or land-based poker rooms, the dealer will almost always take a portion of the pot at the end of the hand. Once the round is finished and the winner of the hand has been announced, the dealer will deduct a small amount of money before the pot is pushed over to the winner. The rake is not usually charged in the event of a tie or a split hand.
At most online poker websites, and in the vast majority of land-based poker rooms, the amount of rake deducted from the pot is calculated using a fixed percentage. This percentage varies greatly depending on where you are playing and the type of game you enjoy, but it is usually between 2.5% and 10%. As an average, you should usually expect casinos to take a 3.5% rake out of every cash game pot.
Now, 3.5% may sound like quite a lot of money – and, to be fair, it is. When you consider that online poker rooms and land-based casinos typically run poker games 24 hours a day, seven days a week, you can quickly see how much money they can make by taking a rake. However, the rake is almost always capped at a maximum amount per hand. For example, low-stake poker tables generally have a $10 rake cap. Any amount over $10 is not subject to the rake deductions.
Naturally, the larger the stakes you are playing, the more rake a poker site will typically take. Not all land-based poker rooms have a fixed amount limit. As a general rule of thumb, you should avoid playing non-fixed rake versions of poker, as doing so can cost you a lot of money.
Tournaments
Poker tournaments are very different from cash games. Poker tournaments require players to battle one another for chips and try to outlast their opponents. In most poker tournaments, the players who reach the final table – and finish last – walk away with the biggest prizes. Poker tournaments do not use real cash, casinos and online poker websites cannot charge rake.
Instead, you pay an entry fee to the poker tournament – also known as the buy-in. For example, if you enter a $300 poker event, you may pay a $30 surcharge to the casino. This $30 is not added to the total prize pool and is kept by the casino to pay their dealers and cover their costs.
One of the reasons why online poker tournaments have become so popular is because the entry fees are generally a lot lower than the ones found in land-based poker rooms. The reason behind this should be relatively straightforward; online poker websites have much lower overheads than their land-based counterparts, and these savings are usually passed on directly to players.
Think about it; when you play poker in a live environment, the casino needs to pay for the dealers, floor space is being taken up, and everything needs to be planned – and this all comes at a cost. When you are playing online poker, there are relatively few costs aside from the technical staff employed and the costs associated with running the servers.
Hourly Rate
While most low-stakes cash games will utilize a rake-based format, casinos realize that players playing at larger stakes will not be happy with this. For example, if poker pots are frequently worth thousands of dollars – or even more – this can quickly add up to a considerable amount of money that the casino would need to deduct from the pots every hand.
As a result, some casinos and poker rooms will also offer you the chance to pay an hourly rate. This means all the players at the table pay a set amount every hour; in return, the dealer does not take any rake from the pots. When an hourly pay structure is utilized, the money involved in the poker pots is paid directly to players.
This approach is usually taken by high-stakes players, although some poker rooms and land-based casinos offer the option of lower-stake cash games too. Usually, the hourly fee is chargeable once per hour, and players can pay it directly to the dealer using chips from the chips on the table or cash – whichever is most accessible.
How Else Do Poker Rooms Make Money?
Aside from the methods we have just discussed, there are several other ways that poker rooms and online casinos can make money from poker. For example, traditional brick-and-mortar casinos will attempt to supplement their revenue by charging high prices for food and beverages. While some land-based poker rooms will offer players free drinks, this is generally reserved for those playing in cash games – usually at relatively big stakes.
For example, land-based poker rooms may offer all players free water and soft drinks – but when it comes to alcoholic drinks or food, the prices may be marked up by as much as 100%. This is quite a clever technique, as most players at the poker table will not want to get up and go elsewhere to get cheaper food. They will usually be happy to pay higher prices for the convenience factor. The food is delivered directly to the poker table, and most brick-and-mortar poker rooms allow players to eat at the table – provided no other players object.
When it comes to online poker rooms, they need to get a bit more creative in generating additional revenue. One of the most common methods is to try and convince players to play casino games like video slots.
For example, when you play at many online poker sites, you will often be able to bring up a slot machine – and play – while playing in a poker game. This can be an incredibly lucrative source of revenue for the online poker website, and it’s one of the reasons why most poker sites also have an online casino.
Many online poker websites will also run special live events. For example, PartyPoker runs several live tournaments throughout the year – and these tournaments, while offering sizable prize pools, cost players significantly more money to enter than the online games they offer.
Another technique we have seen used by online poker rooms to generate revenue is licensing out their software and technology to other casinos. For example, online poker software is often licensed under a white-labeled agreement in the US market. Developing and maintaining online poker software can be insanely expensive – and small operators often do not have enough money to develop their proprietary software from scratch.
As a result of this, more minor, newer sites will often license out the poker software from larger, more established operators – at a fee, of course.
Poker sites and brick-and-mortar poker rooms are always getting creative with revenue-generating techniques. The ones we have just talked about are, in no way, exhaustive – and you will always find poker sites coming up with new ways to generate revenue.
FAQs
Rake in poker is a small percentage taken from each pot. Casinos or online poker sites take this amount to cover their operating costs. In a typical game, the dealer removes around 3% from the pot before giving the remaining chips to the winner. This percentage is usually capped. For example, the maximum rake might be set at 3% of each pot, up to $10. If the pot is larger, the rake won’t exceed $10.
No, poker tournaments do not have rake. Since tournaments use tournament chips instead of real money, casinos cannot take a rake from each pot. Instead, players pay an entry fee when they sign up. For example, a $100 tournament may have a $10 entry fee. This fee is kept by the casino to cover tournament costs, such as staff and expenses. It is not added to the prize pool.
An hourly fee is an alternative to rake for high-stakes poker players. Instead of taking a percentage from each pot, some casinos or online poker sites allow players to pay a set fee each hour. This option is offered because, in high-stakes games, a rake on large pots could lead to significant losses for players over a session.
As the name suggests, this hourly fee is a charge payable by the players every hour. For example, each player may be required to pay $20 every hour, which is paid directly to the dealer. Players can use the chips on the table to pay or cash – it’s entirely up to them.
The casino will not rake the pots in return for paying this hourly fee. Players need to pay this fee once per hour.
Some brick-and-mortar cardrooms offer players the chance to play in games with a dead drop fee. This is a unique type of rake in poker games, and every player pays the same amount – regardless of the pot size or how much money they have in front of them.
In conventional poker, the winning player ends up paying the rake. The dealer deducts the money automatically from the pot before the winnings are passed to the player. However, players participating in a dead drop game pay rake when they are on the button. This is usually an agreed fixed rate.
The main benefit of a dead drop structure is that every player at the table pays the same amount of money – regardless of whether they win or lose. Of course, this does come at a disadvantage to losing players, as it means they spend more money than they would have had they been playing a conventional rake game.
Today, many of the world’s largest online poker rooms offer special tournaments that have no rake. For example, free-roll tournaments are free to enter, and there is no charge to enter; despite it being free, real money can be won by the players at the table. As you’d guess, these tournaments do not require you to pay any rake as they are free to enter.
Occasionally, poker sites will also run special rake-free tournaments. This is quite a useful promotional tool to attract new players, and it is something we are starting to see more frequently in online poker rooms – particularly those who are new and are attempting to attract new players.
Unfortunately, rake-free cash games are usually hard to find in online card rooms. However, if you play in conventional brick-and-mortar card rooms, you may find low-rake or no-rake sessions – especially if the tables are short-handed and the casino is looking to get more players to sit at the table.
The unfortunate reality is that poker sites exist by taking a rake from players. However, you may be surprised to learn that earning some of the rake back is possible by claiming a special poker site bonus. For example, most of the world’s largest online poker websites tend to offer some rakeback promotion. This allows you to join a unique program – sometimes a VIP or loyalty program – and earn a portion of your paid rake back in real cash.
While each online poker website does this differently, you can often do this by earning points by playing tournaments and cash games. For example, you might earn 10 points for every $10 in rake you pay at the table. However, you usually need to be a reasonably active player – contributing to pots – to qualify for this type of promotion.
Once you hit the required minimum number of points, you can begin earning a rakeback percentage. This rakeback is usually paid straight into your online poker account – generally speaking, it is wager-free, meaning you can withdraw it or spend it on other poker games without needing to complete any wagering requirements.
You would be surprised at how quickly rakeback promotions like this can add up – and most of the higher-staking poker players who play online will choose a poker site almost solely depending on the rakeback promotions available. Please note that tournament fees are usually excluded; other casino games are unlikely to contribute to the poker rake-back promotions.
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